Add iPXE entry to Grub

Just install the ipxe package (apt install ipxe) and run sudo update-grub afterwards.

OpenWrt on HP Microserver Gen8

This was done when the server already had a working debian in its own partition. Can be done also in a new/empty disk using a live install disk.

• Download required files:
• rootfs image (e.g. https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.5/targets/x86/64/openwrt-19.07.5-x86-64-rootfs-ext4.img.gz).
• kernel (e.g. https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.5/targets/x86/64/openwrt-19.07.5-x86-64-vmlinuz).
• Network driver: kmod-libphy and kmod-tg3 (https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.5/targets/x86/64/packages/kmod-libphy_4.14.209-1_x86_64.ipk and https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.5/targets/x86/64/packages/kmod-tg3_4.14.209-1_x86_64.ipk).
• Prepare a partition for OpenWrt
• Copy image to hard disk partition with dd or similar tool.
• Copy kernel to /boot.
• Copy both ipk files for the network driver to /tmp.
• Install grub2 to the disk if not present already.
• Write a grub entry for OpenWrt, e.g. (modify partition location/id as needed):

menuentry 'OpenWrt 19.07.5 (on /dev/sdc2)' --class openwrt --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-57f8f4bc-abf4-655f-bf67-946fc0f9f25b' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd2,msdos2'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd2,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd2,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci2,msdos2  57f8f4bc-abf4-655f-bf67-946fc0f9f25b
    else
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 57f8f4bc-abf4-655f-bf67-946fc0f9f25b
    fi
    linux /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sdc2
}

• Update-grub
• Boot
• opkg install /tmp/kmod-libphy... and opkg install /tmp/kmod-tg3
• Configure as needed
• Once you have internet connection consider install additional packages (e.g. nano, luci-admin-full).

Fix permissions on MySQL/MariaDB for Kodi

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password1';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'xbmc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password2';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'kodi'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password3';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Renaming files based on EXIF data in Powershell

http://blog.cincura.net/233463-renaming-files-based-on-exif-data-in-powershell/

Fixing Arch Linux on cubox-i4

Chromium displays ";" instead of "ñ" or "ç":
/etc/locale.conf:
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

/etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_US ISO-8859-1
es_ES.UTF-8 UTF-8
es_ES ISO-8859-1
es_ES@euro ISO-8859-15

Run locale-gen

xfce terminal displays square instead of "ñ" or "ç"
Edit > Preferences > Advanced > Encoding = UTF-8

xorg does not start
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mesa.conf
/usr/lib/mesa

/etc/ld.so.conf.d/gpu-viv-bin-mx6q.conf
/opt/fsl/lib

Run ldconfig.

glxinfo/glxgears complain with "Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig"
ln -s /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.xorg /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so

Rufus - Create bootable USB drives the easy way

I normally use UNetbootin for my bootable USB drives but Rufus worked great when I used it recently.

config.txt for (Raspberry PI) + (HDMI to VGA Video + Audio Adapter)

Here's our known-good /boot/config.txt which will set the resolution to 800x600 and enable the audio out of the adapter. we have a couple other resolution options documented as well!:

# uncomment if you get no picture on HDMI for a default "safe" mode
#hdmi_safe=1

# uncomment this if your display has a black border of unused pixels visible
# and your display can output without overscan
#disable_overscan=1

# uncomment the following to adjust overscan. Use positive numbers if console
# goes off screen, and negative if there is too much border
#overscan_left=16
#overscan_right=16
#overscan_top=16
#overscan_bottom=16

# uncomment to force a console size. By default it will be display's size minus
# overscan.
#framebuffer_width=1280
#framebuffer_height=720

# uncomment if hdmi display is not detected and composite is being output
#hdmi_force_hotplug=1

# uncomment to force a specific HDMI mode (this will force VGA)
hdmi_group=2
hdmi_mode=87
# Put your VGA monitor resolution below
# hdmi_cvt =       
# width        width in pixels
# height       height in pixels
# framerate    framerate in Hz
# aspect       aspect ratio 1=4:3, 2=14:9, 3=16:9, 4=5:4, 5=16:10, 6=15:9
# margins      0=margins disabled, 1=margins enabled
# interlace    0=progressive, 1=interlaced
# rb           0=normal, 1=reduced blanking

# For example, 800x600 @ 60 Hz
hdmi_cvt=800 600 60 1 0 0 1
# or maybe 800x480 @ 60 Hz
#hdmi_cvt=800 480 60 6 0 0 1
# or, 1024 x 768 @ 50 Hz
#hdmi_cvt=1024 768 60 1 0 0 1
# or if you're not sure, nothing beats 640x480
#hdmi_cvt=640 460 60 1 0 0 1

# see http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=24679

# uncomment to force a HDMI mode rather than DVI. This can make audio work in
# DMT (computer monitor) modes
###############################################################
### THIS LINE IS WHAT ENABLES THE AUDIO OUT OF THE ADAPTER! ###
hdmi_drive=2
###############################################################

# uncomment to increase signal to HDMI, if you have interference, blanking, or
# no display
#config_hdmi_boost=4

# uncomment for composite PAL
#sdtv_mode=2

#uncomment to overclock the arm. 700 MHz is the default.
#arm_freq=800

# for more options see http://elinux.org/RPi_config.txt

[Taken from http://www.adafruit.com/products/1151#Technical_Details]

TVheadend playlist

The playlist with the TV channels available from TVheadend is http://tv_headend_ip:9981/playlist/channels .

 

Source: http://astrolinux22.blogspot.com.es/2013/06/auto-generate-vlcsmplayer-tv-playlists.html

 

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VLC streaming - link soup

Streaming examples and how to use the telnet interface

https://www.videolan.org/doc/streaming-howto/en/ch05.html

 

How to use :sout-keep to keep the playlist streaming

https://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo_New/

 

“The combination of :sout-keep and dst=gather:std mean that the stream is kept open and subsequent items are played through the same stream.”

https://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo/Command_Line_Examples/#Keeping_the_stream_open

 

How to stream content using the GUI

https://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo/Easy_Streaming_Newer_Versions/

Split flac by cue file in Linux

Just two steps:

#Split
shnsplit -f sample.cue -o flac -t “%n. %t” sample.flac

#Transfer tags
cuetag sample.cue *.*.flac

Source: http://bytebin.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/split-flac-by-cue-file-in-linux/

How to move Ubuntu to an SSD

How to move Ubuntu to an SSD:

You want to copy the FILES, not the whole partition (including its free space), so you don't need to resize the partition first. Boot from the livecd and mount both the HD and SSD (after formatting a partition on the SSD of course), then copy all of the files over:

sudo cp -ax /media/hd /media/ssd

Use the correct names for the hd and ssd mount points of course. Then you just need to edit the /etc/fstab on the ssd to point to the new fs UUID (you can look it up with blkid). Finally you need to install grub on the ssd:

sudo -s
for f in sys dev proc ; do mount --bind /$f /media/ssd/$f ; done
chroot /media/ssd
grub-install /dev/ssd
update-grub

Of course, use the correct device for /dev/ssd. The whole disk, not a partition number. Finally reboot and make sure your bios is set to boot from the SSD.

My fstab has only two entries:

LABEL=LINUX-ROOT    /        ext4    errors=remount-ro,noatime 0       1
LABEL=LINUX-SWAP    none     swap    sw                        0       2

I need to create two partitions on the SSD, format then (16 GB for swap, 100 GB for root) and set the labels accordingly. After that just follow the procedure.

To activate trim read this and decide what to do: option discard in fstab (automatic trim) or fstrim / (periodic trim via a cron job).

VMware vCenter 5.5 install series

http://www.derekseaman.com/2013/10/vsphere-5-5-install-pt-1-introduction.html

vexpert.me/Derek55

Thanks to Derek Seaman for this blog series.

OpenWRT: opening ports to the WAN (aka NAT, aka port forwarding)

Opening a port to a LAN computer is simple, you can do it from the GUI:

# Port 22422 -> 10.0.0.109:22422
config redirect
        option target 'DNAT'
        option src 'wan'
        option dest 'lan'
        option src_dport '22422'
        option dest_ip '10.0.0.109'
        option dest_port '22422'
        option proto 'tcp'
        option name 'Allow-SSH-bob' 

Opening a port to your router is not so simple:

# Port 64430 -> 10.0.0.1:443
config redirect
        option src 'wan'
        option proto 'tcp'
        option src_dport '64430'
        option dest_ip '10.0.0.1'
        option dest_port '443'
        option name 'Allow-HTTPS-router-redirect'

config rule
        option src 'wan'
        option proto 'tcp'
        option dest_port '443'
        option target 'ACCEPT'
        option name 'Allow-HTTPS-router-rule' 

Source:
http://www.smallbusinesstech.net/more-complicated-instructions/openwrt/setting-up-port-forwarding-and-dealing-with-loopbacks-on-openwrt-kamikaze-8.09.1

How To Split an Audio .flac file using Ubuntu Linux

How To Split an Audio .flac file using Ubuntu Linux:

"If you have big .flac audio file which include several CD tracks, sure you are interested to know how to split them and of course we are going to do it in Ubuntu Linux.

This method it use .cue files, which usually comes with the .flac ones.
First of all we need to install the following packages cuetools shntool flac. You can use Synaptic or this command in a terminal:

$ sudo apt-get install cuetools shntool flac

Now you can split the .flac audio file as follows:

$ cuebreakpoints file.cue | shnsplit -o flac file.flac

That's all.
Now a little bit of theory,
... shnsplit is the program used to split tracks, while cuebreakpoints it reads the break-points from file.cue and pipe them to shnsplit."

Thanks to Danilo Dellaquila .

Movistar FTTH (internet + VOIP) using an OpenWRT router

In essence, you need to do this:

1. Tag outgoing data packets with VLAN ID 6
2. Tag outgoing VOIP packets with VLAN ID 3
3. Set a PPPoE WAN interface over VLAN 3
4. Configure forwarding from LAN to VOIP
5. Id. from LAN to WAN, as usual
6. Have some good luck to spare :)

Links:
http://foro.seguridadwireless.net/openwrt/%28tutorial%29-movistar-ftth-con-openwrt
http://www.scribd.com/doc/187565035/Movistar-FTTH-VOIP-OpenWrt-pdf
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/4708147/seguridadwireless/tutorial_movistar_ftth_openwrt/Movistar_FTTH_VOIP_OpenWrt.pdf

Mikrotik RouterBOARD

Mikrotik (www.mikrotik.com) provides an interesting platform for creating a custom router/switch/wireless access point, the RouterBOARD.

The Mikrotik RouterBOARD RB493G includes the following:

• Atheros AR7161 SOC with 256MB RAM
• 9 port Gigabit switch
• 3 mini-PCI slots. You can add a wifi N card and switch to AC later on.
• 1 USB port, but it’s fairly non standard as explained in http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/mikrotik/rb493g .
• 1 microSD slot.

It can be bought for 130 € at LandaTel (LandaShop): http://landashop.com/catalog/mikrotik-routerboard-rb493g-gigabit-ethernet-p-1880.html

Growing a ZFS pool

Growing a two disk mirror zpool by replacing disks is easy:

1. Replace the first disk with a higher capacity disk (we're going from 2TB to 3TB disks): zpool replace -f pool ata-WDC_WD20EARS-00MVWB0_WD-xxxxxxxxxxxx ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030BLE630_xxxxxxxxxxxx
2. Wait for the resilver to complete (about 5h).
3. Replace the second disk: zpool replace pool ata-ST2000DL003-xxxxxxxxxxxx ata-ST3000DM001-xxxxxxxxxxxx
4. Wait for the resilver to complete again.
5. Expand the pool by telling it to use the extra space: zpool online -e pool ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030BLE630_xxxxxxxxxxxx
6. Just in case, tell the pool to expand also the other disk: zpool online -e pool ata-ST3000DM001-xxxxxxxxxxxx

Thanks to the following links for describing the procedure:

http://www.itsacon.net/computers/unix/growing-a-zfs-pool/

http://www.itsacon.net/computers/unix/growing-a-zfs-pool-update/

Windows 7 BSOD while starting as a VM [Solved]

• Create RDM disks:

#cd /vmfs/volumes/local/
#vmkfstools -z /vmfs/devices/disks/t10.ATA_____Samsung_SSD_840_Series__________________S14GNEBCB62239V____
_ rdm/Samsung_SSD_840_Series-S14GNEBCB62239V.vmdk -a lsisas
# vmkfstools -z /vmfs/devices/disks/t10.ATA_____ST3640323AS_________________________________________5VK045H
3 rdm/ST3640323AS-5VK045H3.vmdk -a lsisas

Note: RDMs cannot be stores on a NFS datastore, see http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1001856 .

• Create VM referencing the new RDM disks.
• Start VM and look at the BSOD :(
• Start physical machine and make the changes referenced here: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsserver/en-US/b4d45d9d-4c90-4ab0-ae38-f1257ce9c608/windows-7-server-2008-r2-bare-metal-restore-0x0000007b-stop-error?forum=windowsbackup :

"If in doubt, turn on all possible required services e.g. set both intelide = 0/pciide = 0 and msahci = 0, or set all of these to 0 and it will still boot with the correct driver/s:
   aliide, amdide, atapi, cmdide, iastorv, intelide, msahci, pciide, viaide and LSI_SAS."

• Start VM... no BSOD :)
• Let Windows install and update drivers for virtual environment and reboot
• Install VMware tools and reboot
• VM is ready

Using ESX 5.1 NIC drivers on ESX 5.5

My ASUS M5A88-M EVO motherboard has a Realtek RTL8111E onboard NIC. I also have a D-Link 528T NIC on a PCI slot. Neither NIC is supported out of the box on ESXi 5.5 :(.

However, you can use the drivers that came with ESXi 5.1 on the current version (5.5). Check the following links for the procedure:

http://www.vladan.fr/realtek-8169-nics-not-detected-under-esxi-5-5/
http://www.bussink.ch/?p=1228
http://aubreykloppers.wordpress.com/2013/06/03/d-link-528t-on-esxi-55-1-procedure-and-driver/

Encode FLAC audio to MP3

Low quality encoding:
128Kbps CBR + 2 channels + 44100Hz sampling frequency.
It should be good enough for listening on your car, on the bus with your smartphone and headphones, etc. avconv -i input.flac -ab 128k -ac 2 -ar 44100 output.mp3

High quality encoding:
 avconv -i input.flac -ab 196k -ac 2 -ar 48000 output.mp3